Completion
Complete each
statement.
|
|
|
1.
|
Autotrophs capture energy from sunlight or ____________________ to produce
food.
|
|
|
2.
|
Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are
called ____________________.
|
|
|
Figure 3-1
|
|
|
3.
|
Of the organisms represented in Figure 3-1, the organisms in the oceans with the
smallest total biomass are most likely the ____________________.
|
|
|
4.
|
Water can enter the atmosphere through the processes of evaporation and
____________________.
|
|
|
5.
|
Living organisms require nitrogen to make ____________________, which are used
to build proteins.
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
6.
|
Describe the role of algae in ocean food chains.
|
|
|
7.
|
Describe the flow of energy among the following members of an ecosystem:
decomposers, autotrophs, heterotrophs, and the sun.
|
|
|
Figure 3–2
|
|
|
8.
|
Describe the flow of energy to the owl in Figure 3-2 if the tree provides 1500
calories of energy to the insects.
|
|
|
9.
|
What is the most likely explanation for why Figure 3-2 shows only one organism
at its base? In what way would an energy diagram be different?
|
|
|
Figure 3–3
|
|
|
10.
|
Explain how seepage and transpiration in Figure 3-3 are related.
|
Essay
|
|
|
11.
|
Describe the two sources of energy that fuel life on Earth.
|
|
|
12.
|
How does a food web differ from a food chain?
|
|
|
13.
|
Describe the three types of ecological pyramids.
|
|
|
14.
|
Describe the roles of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.
|
|
|
15.
|
How might a large input of phosphorus affect a freshwater lake over time?
|
Other
|
|
|
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 3–4
|
|
|
16.
|
Predicting How might a large omnivore change the flow of energy in
Figure 3-4, diagram II?
|
|
|
17.
|
Inferring If a limiting nutrient is supplied to the producers in
Figure 3-4, diagram II, what effect could it have on the birds?
|
|
|
18.
|
Interpreting Graphics How many kilocalories (kcal) can the top
carnivore in Figure 3-4, diagram I, store? Explain.
|
|
|
19.
|
Applying Concepts What three scientific approaches do ecologists use
to explain complex relationships, such as in the energy pyramid in Figure 3-4?
|
|
|
20.
|
Applying Concepts Describe how chemosynthesis could contribute to
the energy represented by Figure 3-4, diagram I.
|