Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The three particles that make up atoms are
a. | protons, neutrons, and isotopes. | c. | positives, negatives, and
electrons. | b. | neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. | d. | protons, neutrons, and
electrons. |
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2.
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If a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called
a. | chlorine-17. | c. | chlorine-35. | b. | chlorine-18. | d. | chlorine-1. |
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3.
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Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of
two or more elements in definite proportions?
a. | compound | c. | nucleus | b. | isotope | d. | enzyme |
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4.
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A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. | transferring electrons. | c. | transferring
protons. | b. | sharing an electron pair. | d. | sharing a proton pair. |
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5.
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Ice floats on water because
a. | of cohesion. | c. | water shrinks when it freezes. | b. | ice has a higher
density than water. | d. | water
expands when it freezes. |
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6.
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A solution is a(an)
a. | combination of isotopes. | b. | chemical reaction. | c. | evenly distributed
mixture of two or more substances. | d. | combination of two or more
liquids. |
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7.
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If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured,
a. | both would be below 7. | b. | both would be above 7. | c. | the pH of stomach
acid would be above 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7. | d. | the pH of stomach
acid would be below 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be above 7. |
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8.
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Amino acid is to protein as
a. | fat is to lipid. | c. | sugar is to fat. | b. | DNA is to RNA. | d. | simple sugar is to
starch. |
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9.
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Which statement is true?
a. | Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. | b. | Glycerol is made of
fatty acids. | c. | RNA molecules are made of nucleotides. | d. | Amino acids are made of
proteins. |
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10.
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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of
chemicals?
a. | cohesion | c. | chemical reaction | b. | adhesion | d. | dissolving |
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11.
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Which of the following is a form of energy that may be released during a
chemical reaction?
a. | heat | c. | light | b. | sound | d. | all of the
above |
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12.
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Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
a. | products of the reaction. | c. | temperature of the
reaction. | b. | speed of the reaction. | d. | pH of the reaction. |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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13.
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The isotope oxygen-18 has 18 protons. _________________________
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14.
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When sugar is dissolved in water, the sugar and water are chemically
combined. _________________________
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15.
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Lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof
coverings. _________________________
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16.
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Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell without
requiring high temperatures are antibodies. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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17.
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Of the three subatomic particles, ___________ are most involved in forming
chemical bonds.
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18.
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A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a(an)
____________________ bond.
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19.
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The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of
____________________ in solution.
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20.
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The name of an enzyme usually ends in ____________________.
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Short Answer
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21.
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What is mass number?
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22.
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What accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and cohesion?
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23.
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When H2 gas and O2 gas react to form water, what happens
to the atoms that were in the gases, and what kind of bonds result?
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24.
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Where does the energy that enables you to breathe and think come from?
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Other
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
| Element | Symbol | Protons | Neutrons | Electrons | Atomic Number | Mass Number | | Hydrogen | H | 1 | | | 1 | | | Helium | He | 2 | | | |
4 | | Carbon | C | | 6 | | 6 | | | Oxygen | O | | 8 |
8 | | | | Neon | Ne | | | 10 | 10 | 20 | | Aluminum | Al | 13 | | | | 27 | | Zinc | Zn | | | 30 | 30 | 65 | | | | | | | |
Figure 2–1
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25.
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Applying Concepts Based on Figure 2–1, what is the atomic number of
oxygen?
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
pH Values of Some Common Substances | | Substance | pH | | Hydrochloric acid | 1.0 | | Sulfuric acid | 1.2 | | Tomatoes | 4.2 | | Rainwater |
6.2 | | Pure
water | 7.0 | | Sea water | 8.5 | | Ammonium chloride | 11.1 | | Sodium hydroxide | 13.0 | | |
Figure
2–2
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26.
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Applying Concepts What is the strongest acid listed in Figure
2–2?
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27.
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Calculating A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a tenfold
increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions. According to the pH values listed in Figure
2–2, how much greater is the H+ ion concentration in tomatoes than in
rainwater?
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 2–3
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28.
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Applying Concepts Based on Figure 2–3, which enzyme would have the
most activity in humans?
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Essay
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29.
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Explain the difference between ionic compounds and covalently bonded
compounds.
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30.
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How is chemistry related to living things?
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